Analysis Of Christopher Mccandless s The Great Gatsby

Unified Seclusion Paper #3: Comparison and Contrast Emily Rigby Amidst the dense and desolate forests of the Stampede Trail, located in Alaska, lies an abandoned bus. In this decaying automobile lies a blue sleeping bag, containing much greater than what initially appears to be simply an unshaven beard and a pair of dark, sleep-deprived eyes, shaded temporarily by resting lids and a tangled mess of lashes. Instead, here lies an adventurous mind that would no longer have the capability to wander, a mere twenty-four year old life stolen from a brother, a son, a friend, a bundle of ideas that would never be given the opportunity to seep their way into the minds of others. Here lies: Christopher McCandless. Alongside these remains lie plenty†¦show more content†¦! ! ï ¿ ¼The arguably most apparent aspect in which the personalities of Chris McCandless and Henry David Thoreau truly paralleled one another can be quite blatantly seen within their shared initial and over-arching motivation supporting their unified desire to journey into the wild: The burning need to escape materialism as a whole, as well as constantly progressing technology, both of which were, and still are, prominent in every area of society. This core incentive is very evidently described in the line, scribed within Walden, â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life† (Thoreau 59). He then expands upon this belief, and provides support for his naturalistic intentions, with the following statement: â€Å"I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life... to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms† (Thoreau 59). Thoreau passionately felt that civilization as a whole had become entirely over-dependent upon a chaotic mess of irrelevant details, the majority of which everyone had begun to mistakenly perceive as necessities, to the point where he finally announced the complete control he felt technology had over society through the phrase, â€Å"We do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us† (Thoreau 60). Each of these meaningless affairs, he said, revolved solely around the very concepts from which he was determined to find refuge

In the Devils Snare Book Report - 1585 Words

Elliot, J.H., Imperial Spain: 1469-1716. London: Penguin Books, 1963. 423pgs. In Imperial Spain, J.H. Elliot examines the history of early modern Spain from the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, to the reformation of the Spanish government by the first member of the Bourbon dynasty. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally weak, hopelessly divided and isolated from the continent by the Pyrenees. Yet, by 1492, Spanish society experienced a tremendous transformation which allowed Isabella and Ferdinand to unify the country, secure the largest transoceanic empire the world has ever known, and for a†¦show more content†¦Aragon, the author states, was mostly left out of the affairs of empire and it turned its attention to its Mediterranean possessions. While it is true that Ferdinand interfered little with Isabella s handling of Castilian affairs, Elliot asserts in Chapter Four (â€Å"The Imperial Destiny†) that certain key issues were handled jointly by the monarchs. This was evident in the concessions that they were able to extract from the Vatican. Patronato Real, or the right of presentation to all ecclesiastical benefices in the Kingdom of Granada was granted to the sovereigns of Spain by Pope Innocent VIII while the Reconquista was still ongoing. Eventually, the author goes on to say, this right would be extended to all Spanish domains. This gave the rulers of Spain almost complete control of the Catholic Church in their territories and in time, the clergy would become the most efficient of bureaucrats and administrators of the Spanish empire. Chapter Five is entitled â€Å"The Government and the Economy of the Reign of Charles V† and in it Elliot argues that after Ferdinand s death in 1516, his successor Charles I of Spain, V of the Holy Roman Empire, inherited a thriving, pacified, quasi-united kingdom that had access to the incredible wealth of the Americas. The problem, the author suggests, was that Charles and his successors did not fully understand the complexity of the Spanish system they inherited.Show MoreRelated Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pages My book report is on the book Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone by J.K. Rowling. The main character Harry Potter, discovers that he not an ordinary boy, he is in fact, a wizard. Harry soon discovers that he is famous, famous for the downfall of a corrupt wizard, Lord Voldemort. Harry finds out that he has been accepted into a school, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a school for young witches and wizards. While in school, he becomes friends with another wizard named RonaldRead MoreGambling a Bad Bet5057 Words   |  21 Pagesdecline in areas where the level of education is higher.3 Two Duke University economists, Charles T. Clotfelter and Philip J. Cook, painstakingly documented the long-held suspicions that the poor and uneducated are the lottery’s best customers. Their book, Selling Hope, describes how many states have designed clever, sophisticated advertising campaigns to especially target this most vulnerable market. The authors found that 10 percent of lottery players account for 50 percent of sales.4 All of this

Case Analysis Customer Relationship Management

Question: Describe the following case studies? Case Study 1: Pegasus AirlinesCase Study 2: PorscheCase Study 3: John Lewis: Middle Englands retailer of choiceCase Study 4: Tesco: Every little help Answer: Case Study 1: Pegasus Airlines Pegasus customers needs wants and demand Need, want and demand of Pegasus airline customers are always changing or diversifying. To increase profit Share Company has to work as per needs, wants and demand of their customers. The main assets of an airline company are there customers i.e. loyal customers and other customers (Anderson and Kerr, 2002). The basic need of an airline customer is good customer relationship management, affordable fare and etc (Anderson and Kerr, 2002). The list of need, wants and demand of airline customers are as Needs: Proper and updated system for mail and SMS of e ticketing should be used by Pegasus. The seating arrangement in flight should be done taking into consideration customers physical appearance variations. For physically disabled or challenged passengers special facility i.e. sitting arrangement or wheel chairs should always be on airport as well as in flight. The emergency facility should be updated and proper in flight and airport area. The medical or first aid should be present in flights and on airport premises. Wants: Good quality food and water should be available in flight and on airport. Pegasus customers always want to be connected so that they can get updates regarding offers, discount, policies and practices changes, so company should always update their personal website as well as social networking sites and pages (Arif and Sadiq, 2012). The frequency of flights and connection with every city should be there Flight fare should be affordable by every customer. Customers prefer company who uses updated techniques and practices so to improve their service Pegasus should try to focus on customers feedback. Demands: If flight is delayed or cancelled customers should be provided by secondary option as soon as possible (Chou, 2005). In case of flight delay or cancel customers should be informed via SMS or email prior to scheduled flight time. Pegasus should avoid getting their flight late or cancel. Food available in flight and on the airport should be affordable regarding price and good in quality (Coursehero.com, 2015). The customer service should be good at the airport premises also. Needs, wants and demand implication in Pegasus Airline The main focus of Pegasus airline is their customer and their needs and demand. Pegasus always focuses on their service as per customers requirement. Airline industry one of the major backbone are their customers so Pegasus always consider their customers feedback for making any change in their service policy or practices. For example their loyal customers demand was to install new technology which helps in SMS and emailing the details of e tickets to all the corresponding customers (Cunningham, 2002). So Company has taken is feedback in a positive way and started SMS and e mailing facility of e ticketing and in case of cancellation and delay of flights they also sent SMS and E mails to customers (Dalrymple and Parsons, 2000). Low fare of tickets is also one of the customers feedbacks which Pegasus considered. Pegasus Airline products facets Different aspects of Pegasus airline products are In airline industry Pegasus was first to launch low cost airline in Turkey. Pegasus gives their loyal customers a credit or loyalty card which helps customers to book tickets on low price in comparison of other customers. By the help of different events they advertise and sometimes give chance to win free ticket to any particular destination. Customers feedback is valuable to Pegasus airlines If customers are not traveling then also they can be in touch with the company by Pegasus official website, social networking sites, pages and blogs. They provide discount on tickets to the customers booking their ticket 60 days before their journey in comparison of late booking customers (Dunkel and Kleemann, 2013). Customer booking e tickets are provided with all details via SMS and e mail facility which helps in saving trees as customers are allowed inside the airport by showing that SMS only which saves the paper. Customers are provided with an option of VIP Valet parking, business lounge, and car or radio cab. Refreshment and catering facility is also available on airport at inside the flight on discount price to all customers. Pegasus gives an option of travelling insurance while e ticket booking to all customers in a low rate. 5 marketing management concept used by Pegasus Airlines Marketing management concepts used by Pegasus Airlines are as Pegasus ensures they will provide a successful and safe airline service. They provide flights to all international airports and cities. Pegasus try to provide good customer service at airport and in flight while journey. Pegasus provides air tickets in low prices to all the customers who book tickets prior to 60 days (Engel, 2000). They provide credit or loyalty card to their loyal customers for extra discount on their booking. The 5 marketing concept used by Pegasus are as Production Concept Pegasus thinks that if their airline services are available at cheap rate for every destination then there will be increment in profit share. This concept is based on the customers details which are available in the market. Product Concept - According to product concept of Pegasus if the services delivered to their customers are of good quality and as per their expectation, company will earn profit easily and more customers will be attracted towards their service. Customers focus on those services which fulfill their needs and demands. Selling Concept - Pegasus thinks that the customers should always be aware of service updates and changes that is why Pegasus always keep their social networking sites , official websites and blogs updated. Marketing concept - Pegasus works as per their customers wants and needs. So to make their customers aware about services and other facilities marketing is used. This concept helps Pegasus in focusing on their target customers. Societal marketing concept - Under this concept Pegasus consider their society and welfare of society. For example the airline service provided do not harm society i.e. company uses cheap rate fuel which can harm environment. This concept helps Pegasus fulfill their customers requirement without harming their society and surroundings. Companys value regarding their customers Airline industry main focus is always on their customers needs, wants and demand. To increase their profit Share Company always has to consider their customers changing demand. To always be in connection with their customers Pegasus update their social networking sites, pages and blogs and their official websites. The main assets of airline industry are their customers whether there are regular customers or new customers (Gelder and Woodcock, 2003). To attract more customers company organize public events and give winners free tickets to any destination. Pegasus adapted different marketing and advertisement strategies for attracting more customers and increase their profit rate (Hill, 2013). Pegasus always focuses on their customer feedbacks and improving their service as per their feedback. Pegasus customer relationship Pegasus try to maintain customer relation while journey and on airport. Customers feedbacks are always important for Pegasus. Backbone of any airline industry is their customer and their changing demand, needs (Kavadas, 2004). While making any change or improvement in their practices or services Pegasus main focus is their customers and their employees. On customer demand company started providing low fare tickets which was affordable by every passenger. There are many other services which were started taking into consideration customers feedback. Airline industry to increase their profit rate should focus on maintaining a proper customer relation with all the customers whether they are new customer or loyal customer. Case Study 2: Porsche Traditional buyer decision process of Porsche Porsche is a worldwide known German automobile manufacturer so the buyer of Porsche will not go through the initial three steps of decision process as their need is clear to them and they cannot need to find any alternative (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Porsche buyers are clear whether they want to buy a high performance sports car or super cars or a hyper cars or any SUV or sedan model. Porsche buyer decision focuses on two factors i.e. Purchase decision Purchase decision emphasis on the intension of buyer or the reason by he/she decides to buy Porsche model. By knowing the intension of buying company will try to give customer model as per their requirements. Post purchase Behavior Post purchase behavior of a Porsche customer shows whether they are satisfied by the model or not (Memorystore.org.uk, 2015). After purchasing model the service provided by the company is helpful to the customer or not is also very important. Figure1: Buyer decision process Difference between traditional Porsche buyer decision process and buyer decision process of Cayenne or Panamera The major difference in Porsche buyer decision and buyer decision of Cayenne or Panamera are as- Cayenne car model are middle sized with five seats and doors. On the other hand, Panamera model are luxury full size model with five doors. The buyer of Cayenne or Panamera while making decision have to undergo all the steps of buyer decision process i.e. need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternative, purchase and post purchase (Peelen, 2005). But the buyer of Porsche will directly focus on their intension of buying and post purchase behavior. Porsche is worldwide famous automobile company in comparison of Cayenne and Panamera. Buyers of Cayenne or Panamera have to gather information about the different model so that they can decide which one to buy but on the other hand Porsche knows all his customers requirement and delivery them model as per that only (Moffitt and Campbell, 2011). Porsche manufactures expensive automobiles in comparison of Cayenne and Panamera so the customers are in limited range (prezi.com, 2015). Cayenne or Panamera customers focus on family c ar and speed of car but Porsche customer look for sound, vibrations and feel of the car. Cause of low price selling model of Porsche in 1970s and 1980s In 1970s Porsche analyzed that they do not manufacture nay model which can be afforded by other class. So they launched a new model Porsche 914 which was different from other model are cheaper in price. Company found that the 914 model sales was more than in comparison of their model so they decided to change their strategy and used adoption model for increasing their sales (Pride and Ferrell, n.d.). They started manufacturing models of cheap rates and which are comfortable for other classes also. Porsche started making their customers aware of new models by which they can easily decide to buy (Arif and Sadiq, 2012). Porsche decided to manufacture model taking into consideration other class people also. In 1970s Porsche found that there product requires modernization which attracts customers other than their target customer, managers worry point was whether the modernization will increase profit or decrease their profit. The main reason for low selling in 1970s and 1980s of Porsche w as company started focusing on individual customers rather than limited customers. Porsche customers attitude and behavioral towards the brand Porsche customers positive attitude and behavioral changes are Porsche customers buy cars to separate them from lower class and increase their status level. Customer prefers Porsche to enjoy the upper social class status By making changes as per the customer requirement can change their attitude towards brand (Cunningham, 2002). Negative attitude of customer towards brand are The product image of Porsche dissatisfies their customers. When brand is unable to show exclusivity in their product customers show negative attitude towards brand. Customers attitude can be changed by improving the performance as per customers and increasing their product image (Raab, 2010). Porsche should focus on their customers feedback and changing requirement of automobiles. Porsche customers self concept Porsche developed brand self concept by Manufacturing unique and luxurious automobiles model. Porsche should concentrate on the look or appearance of the product rather than performance. Company should focus on designing models which help in strengthening the success feeling and replicate customers self esteem and status (Shonka and Kosch, 2002). By manufacturing model which are affordable by both classes of people. Porsche should focus on their uniqueness and exclusivity in their models. Case Study 3: John Lewis: Middle Englands retailer of choice John Lewis customers view for the brand John Lewis is a retail departmental store of Great Britain with many other branches. Different products are sold by John Lewis Departmental store like electrical and home appliances, products for women, men and child and etc (Smith, 2012). John Lewis always tried to delivery good quality product to their customer. They work on increasing profit rate without comprising quality of the product. John Lewis customers say that the product price is affordable by everyone and the quality of every product is good. John Lewis is a retail company so they sell products of different companies under one shelter so all the class customers are considered by them. Products are available in john Lewis for every class whether it is upper or middle (Thompson, 2010). John Lewis for improving their service always takes their customers feedback and work according to that (Dunkel and Kleemann, 2013). John Lewis outlets are available at airport which attracts customers who are new in the city or tourist. John Lewis actual selling products John Lewis is a retail departmental store chain , the products available are of different companies as per market requirement and customers demand (Tracy, 2014). The product lists of John Lewis are as Electrical appliances of different company Home appliance i.e. kitchen or gardening appliance Clothes for men, women and child Toys for all age children Sports equipment Beauty product for men, women Food products and etc. All these options are available on online shopping also (Usui, 2008). Online shopping helps John Lewis customers in saving their time, energy and etc. According to the case study actual product of john Lewis means adding extra feature or elements to the product by which customers are attracted. For example the mobile device which a customer is using presently if John Lewis add new feature according to customers requirement then customers will be attracted towards the new innovated mobile device. The augmented product of John Lewis for example when company sells any mobile device they give additional three years of warranty which influence customers to purchase the product. John Lewis brand loyal customers Loyal customer of John Lewis prefers shopping from this brand and suggests other to shop from same. John Lewis always tries to work according to their loyal customers as well other customers. As mentioned in case study Julia kuttner a loyal customer who is a journalist of east London always prefers John Lewis for shopping (Valls, 2013). John Lewis consider their customers feedback for service and product whether customer is loyal or new to company. To increase the number of loyal customers John Lewis focus on their quality of product delivered and customers service rather than increasing profit rate (Winer, 2000). Loyal customers sometime helps in increasing number of customers as they influence other people to do shopping from John Lewis. Recommendation to managers of John Lewis for managing partnership in future Partnership is the biggest factor which has to be managed by John Lewis to run their business profitably and properly. John Lewis partners are Waitrose, Greenbee and etc (Gelder and Woodcock, 2003). The main purpose of partnership in John Lewis is to satisfy all its employees, customers and business profit. Figure2: Process of managing partnership in John Lewis To manage partnership John Lewis should take following step- John Lewis should build strong business relationship with their partners as per their principles. John Lewis should focus on their business environment i.e. business environment should influence their employees perform better. John Lewis should before starting any new business partnership should distribute properly their responsibilities and task (Xie, 2011). Every partner should perform business with John Lewis as per their business principles. The successful service model which may transfer John Lewis to public service The service model which transfer John Lewis to public service sector for example when staff of John Lewis guided British Police officers about the process of dealing with the witness and suffers of any crime, it helped store to represent a new way of entrepreneurship in politics. Hospital can be like John Lewis shop and its barriers are No hospital can be like John Lewis shop as the experts of both places are different in qualification and profession. For decision making process highly professionals are called upon. The first barrier is the people feels empowered while using their perception, information and judgments quality for working in a highly disciplined team or group of the company. And the other barrier is their highly professional which are called for decision making procedure. Case Study 4: Tesco: Every little help Strategies adopted by Tesco Different strategies adopted by Tesco are marketing strategy, advertising strategy, promotional strategy and etc. All these strategies have their own working style and objective. Marketing strategy helps Tesco in establishing their new product in new market or old product in new market (Kavadas, 2004). Advertising strategies helps in advertising their products in different markets. Some of the advertisement strategies are hoarding advertising, television, internet advertisement and etc. Marketing by Tesco is done on the basis of demography, customers demand and need and etc. Tesco mostly adopt internet facility for advertising, promotion (Tracy, 2014). Promotional strategy is used by Tesco to promote or advertise their products and services. Promotional strategy used by Tesco is also one of the advertising methods of their products. Segmentation, positioning and pricing strategy of Tesco in food market The pricing strategies adopted by Tesco in food market are competitor based pricing strategy, customer based pricing strategy and cost based pricing strategy. Competitor based pricing is done by taking into consideration the competitors of Tesco in food market. Pricing of food product is decided after analyzing the current price of same food product (Memorystore.org.uk, 2015). Customer based pricing is used by Tesco after analyzing the ability of customers for paying. Tesco has to decide its entire food product price after analyzing competitors price as well as customer ability for paying (Thompson, 2010). Segmentation is done to analyze Tesco customers under different factors which can change their demand of food product like age, gender, financial ability and etc. Every customer depending on their age, gender, financial ability has their own choice for product for example teenager choice of product is different from a man of 60+ age. So Tesco has to work by taking all group customers together (Shonka and Kosch, 2002). The factors which affect their product buying ability is Quality of product Brand Image Requirement of individual customer Product rate Other option available in market for same product Offer if available on that product. Different pricing products of Tesco and the pricing strategy adopted by Tesco Different pricing strategies adopted by Tesco are Competitor based pricing method Customer based pricing method Cost based pricing method Tesco uses mainly competitor based pricing and customer based pricing. Both pricing method can be used in one market at a time without affecting their brand image Customer pricing method This pricing method is used by Tesco to make their product available for maximum customer i.e. the price of the product is decided after examining the capacity of customers, their financial status (Pride and Ferrell, n.d.). Suppose Tesco decide to launch packed food item in London market so before deciding the price of the packed food item Tesco will analyze the ability of regular customer of that particular market. The price will be decided so that maximum number of customers buys their packed food item. Competitor pricing method Tesco use this method of pricing to increase their profit in comparison of competitors in market. Suppose Tesco decide to launch their old product in new market then the first step of Tesco will be to examine the present competitors of Tesco regarding that particular product in new market (prezi.com, 2015). After analyzing their price for that same product Tesco will fix such prices which increase their profit rate and sales value. Future Promotional strategy of Tesco The future promotional strategies which Tesco will adopt are as- Tesco will try to focus more on their customers requirement and demand which always changes. Tesco will improve their product and other services by considering their feedback. Company will increase the level of trust and transparency regarding their product, delivery service and other services. Tesco will update their strategies and technology as per the market requirement so that their customers are satisfied by their quality of work (Peelen, 2005). Company will work more on their customer relationship management to delivery them good quality service. References Anderson, K. and Kerr, C. (2002).Customer relationship management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Arif, A. and Sadiq, M. (2012).Effect of Television Advertisements on Buyer's Decision Process. SaarbruÃÅ'ˆcken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Chou, Y. (2005).Critical factors of the buyer decision process model in business-to-customer (B2C) e-commerce in Taiwan. Coursehero.com, (2015).Read the Company Case - Porsche: Guarding the Old While... | Course Hero. [online] Available at: https://www.coursehero.com/tutors-problems/Business/7452862-Read-the-Company-Case-Porsche-Guarding-the-Old-While-Bringing-in-th/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Cunningham, M. (2002).Customer relationship management. Oxford, England: Capstone Pub. Dalrymple, D. and Parsons, L. (2000).Basic marketing management. New York: Wiley. Dunkel, W. and Kleemann, F. (2013).Customers at work. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Engel, J. (2000).Promotional strategy. Cincinnati, Ohio: Pinnaflex Educational Resources. Gelder, D. and Woodcock, P. (2003).Marketing and promotional strategy. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Hill, P. (2013).Pricing for Profit. Kogan Page. Kavadas, C. (2004).The effects of risk disclosure and ad involvement on consumers' recall, behavioral intentions, attitude towards the ad and brand in DTC advertisements. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = BibliotheÃÅ'â‚ ¬que nationale du Canada. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Memorystore.org.uk, (2015).John Lewis - What Partners say about power. [online] Available at: https://www.memorystore.org.uk/people/today.html [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Moffitt, K. and Campbell, D. (2011).The 1980s. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. Peelen, E. (2005).Customer relationship management. Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall. prezi.com, (2015).Porsche Case: Guarding the Old, While Bringing in the New. [online] Available at: https://prezi.com/fgfp_gubvfyw/porsche-case-guarding-the-old-while-bringing-in-the-new/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (n.d.).Foundations of marketing. Raab, G. (2010).The psychology of marketing. Farnham: Gower. Shonka, M. and Kosch, D. (2002).Beyond selling value. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Pub. Smith, T. (2012).Pricing strategy. Mason, Oh: South-Western Cengage Learning. Thompson, G. (2010).What is supply and demand?. New York: Crabtree Pub. Tracy, B. (2014).Marketing. New York: AMACOM. Usui, K. (2008).The development of marketing management. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Valls, J. (2013).Beyond the low cost business. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Winer, R. (2000).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Xie, L. (2011).Examining structural relationships among cognitive destination image, destination personality and behavioural intentions. Hong Kong: School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Struggle For Education Essays - Johannes Von Lahnstein,

Struggle For Education ?Struggle For Education? In ?Kaffir Boy?, Mark ?Johannes? Mathabane's mother strives to send him to school. She does not let anything get in the way of her ambition. Even though her husband disapproves, she will not let anything get in her way, but now her desires for her son to be educated are stronger. Her courage speaks louder than the consequences she will face with her husband. It seems as though her husband is dealing with a great amount of jealously. A jealously that will decipher Johannes's decision about school. ?Did you hear what that woman said!? ?Do you want the same to happen to you A statement and question raised by his mother to show Johannes the importance of an education. ?They finally did. But what a battle it was, it took me nearly a year to get all them papers together.? Since it took his mother so long to get everything together there was no way she was going to let everything she worked so hard for go down the drain. Even though Johannes's mother and father were from different tribes, that did not stop her from putting her son in school. ?Your father and I fought today because I took you to school this morning.? Johannes's mother expresses her courage throughout the story. ?He had told me not to, and when I told him that I had, he became very upset. He was drunk. We started arguing, and one thing let to another.? She shows her courage by disobeying her husband's orders. Unlike her husband, she wants Johannes to have a future and getting an education is the only way for a future. Being beaten was the consequence of disobeying her husband, but the beating how no effect for Johannes's mother wanted to see her son succeed in the world. Johannes's father seems to be jealous that his own son may have a chance to be educated. He says, ?he doesn't have money to wasted paying for you to get what he calls an useless white man's education.? It seems that he does not understand that school will keep Johannes off the streets. He, himself being uneducated seems to be the result of not comprehending how valuable an education is. Johannes is extremely upset with his father because he beat his mother, and is also upset since his own father does not want him to be educated. Johannes sees school differently after he learns that his mother has always wanted to go to school. Also, her courage and ambition out weighs his father's jealously. Johannes makes a decision that will forever affect him. After, he realizes all the trouble and hard work his mother went through, he promises his mother that he will forever go to school. English Essays

Predictive Sales Report Essay Example

Predictive Sales Report Essay Example Predictive Sales Report Essay Predictive Sales Report Essay There are some people that Just stop looking for employment; those individuals are not included in the unemployment rate. When there are people are in high volume looking for work and not working at all the retail stores will suffer with declining numbers based on less spending budgets, funds and capabilities. As the unemployment rate raises the retail stores will see more consumers willing ND able to spend. In 2009 the United States the sales for retail took a spike overall by 37%, (Rogers, 2009). In 2009 is when it took its major peak. Our projections and predictions show that the unemployment rate will stay at or around the 8% mark throughout 2013. This shows a consistency of this rate and can give retail stores a more balance on what to expect and business planning for the budgeted year. In 2011 article developers felt that putting up new centers as long as the unemployment rates where in the high single digits would not be good (Monkish, 2011). If developers do not want to put up new shops this can hinder growth of new tillers and also introduction of new vendors. This also serves as a plus for existing retailers who do not have to worry about competitors and can have all business located in one shop. References Bureau of labor statistics. (n. D. ). Retrieved from website: Balls. Gob/luau/ Monkish, E. (2011)

Leadership and influencing practice The WritePass Journal

Leadership and influencing practice INTRODUCTION Leadership and influencing practice INTRODUCTIONCharacteristics of an Effective Leader.Political context Leadership activities MentorshipLeadership modelsProfessional socialisationBetter outcomes for patient careConclusionReferencesRelated INTRODUCTION Effective Leadership is considered as a key component for modernizing today`s health environment. A quality leadership is required in each and every field for the profession development. Many people believe that leadership is a way to improve their personal, social and professional life. An able leader is not just a path for development but also an asset for the organisation to which they belong.(Bryman ,1992. Gardner,1990) Leadership can be defined as a multifaceted process of identifying a goal or target, motivating other people to act, and providing support and motivation to achieve mutually negotiated goals (Porter-O’Grady, 2003). In the day to day life of a Nurse, this could refer to their communication skill or their skills in co-ordinating the day/night shifts along with the team of nurses or other health care staffs and support staff on duty under the direction of that nurse or it can also be applied about their dealings with the patients and their relatives.   The successful operation of the shift, staff morale and managing difficult or challenging situations depends largely on the team leader`s leadership skills. In addition, leadership has been defined in terms of the power relationship that exists between leaders and followers. From this viewpoint, leaders have power and wield it to effect change in others. Others view leadership as a transformational process that moves followers to accomplish more than what is usually expected of them. Finally, some scholars address leadership from a   skills perspective.   This viewpoint stresses the capabilities (knowledge and skills) that make effective leadership possible. It is very much important to understand and appreciate that leadership roles are different from management functions. In Stephen Covey’s (1999) book The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, he quoted Peter Drucker as saying: ‘Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things. Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership is about determining whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall.’ The management is all about tasks, but the leadership is about skill, perception, philosophy and judgement. We could infer from this that it is much more difficult to be an effective leader than an effective manager. Thus leaders have, for the most part should be concerned with orienting the profession to focus upon developing nursing practice ( Salvage,1989). The leadership discourse within the UK is only recently considering nursing leadership to be a process through which health policy may be influenced(Rafferty,1995) Characteristics of an Effective Leader. Some say great leaders are born, not made. And while there are some born leaders, many more have honed their leadership skills through extensive practice. Leaders are often described as being visionary, equipped with strategies, a plan and desire to direct their teams and services to a future goal (Mahoney, 2001). It is very much important for an effective leader to develop problem solving skills which can be incorporated in solving various work related issues and maintain group effectiveness and develop group identification such that their work has not gone unchecked. The Nurse or the team leader should posses and develop within all the above characteristics in order to win the support of the fellow workers and lead the development of clinical practice They should also possess dynamic personality, be passionate regarding their job they do, have a motivational influence on other people, and also be solution-focused and seek to inspire others. By Showing the effective leadership qualities, the nurses can induce a greater influence on their fellow staffs or their sub-ordibnates regarding the profession and also ensuring that professional standards are maintained and enabling the growth of competent practitioners. In a study by Bondas (2006), leaders who were described as driving forces were admired. They were regarded as a source for inspiration and role models for future nurse leaders. A Nurse to be a leader should possess the following qualities making decisions   delegating appropriately   resolving conflict   and acting with integrity. The duty of the leader is also to develop the sense of a team work among nurses who are working under them and also encourage them to improve their skills and their relationship with the other members so that a bond of development exists inside the team. Thus by following the above things the act of leadership can be directly connected to a sense of development among the team members. This is largely achieved by working alongside them in a mentoring and coaching role. A good and successful leader will always try to achieve development of the other staff through their leadership. Saarikoski and Leino-Kilpi (2002) from their study found out that one-to-one supervisory relationship was the most important element in clinical instruction. Various researches have suggested that mentorship facilitates learning opportunities, helping to supervise and assess staff in the practice setting. Terminology frequently used to describe a mentor includes: teacher; supporter; coach; facilitator; assessor; role model; and supervisor (Hughes, 2004; Chow and Suen, 2001). A systematic way of culture based continual learning by providing necessary support and best available practice methods will empower and motivate staff. Dynamic clinical leaders and supportive clinical environments in which they can freely work are essential in the development and achievement of best practice models. It is recommended that staff are first shown how to perform a task and then supported to complete it. Therefore the key factors which are described as effective in nurturing transformational clinical leaders are: provision and access to effective role models   mechanisms for mentoring and clinical supervision   provision of career pathways   intentional succession planning   organisations that value clinical competence and promotion of centres of excellence (Borbasi and Gaston, 2002). Political context The Nurse leaders must be ready and able to respond to an ever changing healthcare environment which also includes organisational expectations and changes in the local and national policies. A Nurse should accept the changes but try to follow what is legal and legimate. These roles have become more specialists, autonomous, accountable and focused on outcome, with both positive and negative consequences for the profession. Demands of the consumers and purchasers of healthcare services are increasing and have a greater expectation of higher standards, particularly in relation to nursing care. Nurse leaders must quickly demonstrate resilience in responding to change and supporting other members in the team to embrace this in a positive way. Effective leaders should be capable of reframing the thinking of those whom they are leading, enabling them to see that changes are not only imperative but are also achievable in an easy manner. Senior nurses who have relevant experience and knowledge has to find ways of becoming involved in organisational decision-making on issues impacting on clinical care such as: developing policy   workforce planning   departmental business planning and clinical and corporate governance. Sorensen et al (2008) advocate that senior nurses must develop constructive processes through which they become accepted as equal team members. They are also required to create a good work place environment that provides a quality patient care and must also evaluate nursing expertise and try to represent nursing interests in corporate decision-making forums. Leadership activities Senior nurses should also apply leadership skills in encouraging staff to use critical reflection to facilitate new understanding .Senior nurses should act as a role model for their sub-ordinates. They should be able to develop the skills of other staff by enabling them to apply theory to practice and encouraging them to test new skills in a safe and supportive environment. This, again, is an example of where leadership activities of the seniors combine with developmental ones to create competent practitioners through practice-based learning. These nurses should adopt a supportive leadership style with mentorship, coaching and supervision as core values. Constable and Russell (1986) showed that if the staffs get good support and encouragement from the seniors or supervisors the level of emotional exhaustion is reduced and it also reduces negative effects of a job environment. Consequently, it would be particularly beneficial for supervisors to provide emotional support to nurses and give them adequate feedback about performance to increase self-esteem (Bakker et al, 2000).. It is common in a ward environment that there would be misunderstandings or conflicts within the staffs. Resolving the conflicts and to build an effective relationships between multidisciplinary team members is a test for the senior nurses` ability. With nurses becoming more autonomous decision-makers, this must inevitably lead to revising the relationship between professional roles. Senior nurses also have a leadership role in facilitating their organisation’s staff support and development programme, which should aim to reduce stress, burnout, sickness and absenteeism among colleagues. Supervisors have a significant influence on employees’ personal and professional outcomes. Bakker et al (2000) reported that senior nurses can buffer the effects of a demanding work environment on staff nurses by thoughtfully maintaining a leadership style that supports staff needs. A person who is exhibiting a true leadership sees each person as an individual and will try to recognise their individual needs, as not everyone will perform at the same level or respond in the same way to environmental stressors or workplace pressure. Leaders need to support staff in ways in which individuals recognise as being useful. In the same way, staff will be motivated by different factors. Leaders must focus on the needs of individual staff and use motivational strategies appropriate to each person and situation. They must seek to inspire de-motivated staff and maintain the motivation of those who are already motivated. Leadership seeks to produce necessary changes in de-motivated staff by developing a vision of the future and inspiring staff to attain this. Leadership is the driving force of the work environment and directly affects staff motivation and morale. West-Burnham (1997) argued that leaders should seek to improve on current practice, and use their influence and experience to achieve this. This includes working within the team to develop goals and a feeling of shared ownership to achieve excellence in clinical practice. Mentorship Different people are motivated in different ways. It is the duty of the Leader to recognise it and they must use strategies that individuals find motivating to empower them and highlight the importance of their nursing role. This can be achieved by the Leader by following the process of structured mentorship. A perfect mentorship should foster ongoing role development and be based on the acquisition and mastery of new skills. Senior nurses should everyday try to spend some time (say like 10-30 minutes) everyday     and get involved with the staffs doing some form of mentoring activity, and each activity that has been done should be recorded in staffs book named ‘learning log’. The learning log is a simple, task-specific recording method used as documented evidence that mentorship has been given on a particular area of work activity. Later the staff members are required to complete their own log book, which briefly records: The nature of the activity being coached; Strengths and weaknesses in performing the activity; Coaching intervention; Future goals. It is important that staff members do not feel over stressed or micromanaged. Learning logs must be viewed as a mentorship tool, rather than a management one. The learning log should be used for reflection purposes to form the basis of a more comprehensive supervision discussion. The log book on which the data is recorded should be used to refresh and remind the staffs and the mentor about the progress they have achieved on a particular issue compared to the previous time and also about the new things they have learnt with the help of the mentorship. It must also record about the new things that as to be achieved by the time of the next assessment. Mentors must also ensure that more junior staffs should have the freedom to seek information, through an open exchange of opinions and ideas and they must also keep in mind that the communication gap between the juniors and themselves is not widened. Staff should also be given the opportunity to show initiative, thus promoting confidence in decision-making and underpinning knowledge and competence in their own skills. creating a stable and supportive environment should be the goal of the perfect mentorship which encourages professional growth through effective role modelling. Murray and Main (2005) said that the notion of decision making should be passed on from more experienced nurses to the less experienced ones so that there is continuity in professional development. Leadership models There are a number of useful models which can be used to guide senior nurses in leading other staffs. transformational and transactional models are the two most common models(Bass, 1985; Burns, 1978). The effects of transactional leadership are short-lived, episodic and task based, with the transactional leader only intervening with negative feedback when something goes wrong. This form of leadership would have a place where there is a specific short-term directed project or piece of work to be completed. When working in a ward it is always better to have a leadership model which offers stability in the relationship between senior nurses and juniors. In these kinds of environments the transformational model is more complex but has a more positive effect on communication and teambuilding than the transactional model (Thyer, 2003).The goals and values of other staffs are shaped and altered to achieve a collective purpose to benefit the nursing profession and also the organisation in which they are employed. Bass (1985) found out that than transactional leaders, transformational leadership factors were more highly correlated with perceived group effectiveness and job satisfaction, and contributed more to individual performance and motivation. A different kind of a model was proposed by Adair (2002). This is the three-circle model of strategic leadership, with the circles being the needs of the task, the individual and the team. Adair believed that knowledge or expertise alone is not enough to lead; however, without it, leadership is impossible. Leaders should be aware of the both group and individual needs, and should harmonise them to support common goals and achieve it in a successful manner. According to Adiar, Each of the three needs in the model interacts with the others. One must always be seen in relation to the other two (Adair, 2003). This is a democratic model of leadership, in which there is consideration for the opinions of those who have to carry out the task. Each individual or the group they belong is involved to do the decision making concerning their work. The valuing of people, their knowledge, experience and skills is the strength hold to this model. These nurses should not be concerned about using concepts from various models and developing an eclectic strategy .Leadership models are a useful tool for senior nurses and help to put the function of leadership activity into perspective. The models should be used as a framework on which to build an effective leadership style which suits the individual leader and those whom they are leading. Professional socialisation Supervised learning in clinical practice fosters emotional intelligence, responsibility, motivation and a deeper understanding of patient relationships and nurses’ identity and role (Allan et al, 2008). Much of the attention should be given in encouraging post-registration education and practice development in order to improve the health care standards. Clarifying role expectation and developing a professional identity is also included in this. Professional socialisation is a learning process that takes place in a work environment, of which junior nurses are an integral part. Effective leaders   who are determined in their job will generate opportunities which create potential for professional self-development for junior staff. It is during this socialisation period that junior nurses develop opinions, attitudes and beliefs about their role which form the basis of professional growth. The role-modelling behaviour of senior nurses during this process is critical in transmitting appropriate professional values from one generation of nurses to the next. With proper Professional Socialization a more powerful team of workforce can be built and care standards can be increased. The role of senior nurses is dynamic and multifaceted. Nurse leaders in practice settings have unique opportunities to influence and even create the environment in which professional nursing practice can flourish. Marriner-Tomey(1993) suggested that, in this highly influential role, nurse leaders have a major responsibility to change behaviour to provide an environment that supports the preparation of competent and expert practitioners. It is part of nurse leaders’ role to serve as a model in providing effective socialisation experiences that impart the appropriate values, beliefs, behaviours and skills to staff. Better outcomes for patient care The Ultimate goal of any healthcare organisation is to deliver a quality patient care and this can be influenced the through good nursing leadership. Junior staffs should be encouraged be good leaders to gain a better understanding of their patients and their needs and values. Overall, these strategies will lead to increased patient satisfaction, more effective nurse-patient relationships and quicker recovery times. Good leadership could produce better patient outcomes by promoting greater nursing expertise through increased staff ability and a new level of competence. Empowered nurses are eager to implement evidence-based practice. They are highly motivated, well informed and committed to organisational goals, and thus deliver patient care with greater effectiveness (Kuokkanen and Leino-Kilpi, 2000). Aiken et al (2001) argued the hospital practice environment has a significant effect on patient outcomes. Junior nurses should be encouraged to seek maximum rather than minimum standards, and be expected to achieve and maintain high-quality benchmarks. Conclusion References Adair, J. (2003)  Effective Leadership. National College for School Leadership, Briefing paper.  www.ncsl.org.uk Adair, J.  (2002)  Effective Strategic Leadership. London: Macmillan. Aiken, L. et al  (2001) Nurses’ reports on hospital care in five countries. Health Affairs; 20: 43-53. Allan, H. et al  (2008) Leadership for learning: a literature study of leadership for learning in clinical practice.  Journal of Nursing Management; 16: 545-555. Bakker, A.B. et al  (2000) Effort and reward imbalance and burnout among nurses.  Journal of Advanced Nursing; 31: 884-891. Bass, B.M.  (1985)  Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, NY: The Free Press. Bondas, T.  (2006) Paths to nursing leadership.  Journal of Nursing Management; 14: 332-339. Borbasi, S., Gaston, C.  (2002) Nursing and the 21st century: what’s happened to leadership?  Collegian; 9: 1, 31-35. Burns, J.M.  (1978)  Leadership. New York: Harper and Row. Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London: Sage. Chow, F.L.W., Suen, L.K.P.  (2001) clinical staffs as mentors in pre-registration undergraduate nursing education: students’ perceptions of the mentor’s roles and responsibilities.  Nurse Education Today; 21: 350-358. Constable, J.F., Russell, D.W.  (1986) The effect of social support and the work environment upon burnout among nurses.  Journal of Human Stress; 12: 20-26. Covey, S.  (1999)  The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. London: Simon and Schuster. Gardner, J. W. (1990). On leadership. New York: Free Press Hughes, S.  (2004) The mentoring role of the personal tutor in the ‘fitness for practice’ curriculum: an all Wales approach.Nurse Education in Practice; 4: 271-278. Kuokkanen, L., Leino-Kilpi, H.  (2000) Power and empowerment in nursing: three theoretical approaches.Journal of Advanced Nursing; 31: 1, 235-251. Mahoney, J.  (2001) Leadership skills for the 21st century.Journal of Nursing Management; 9: 5, 269-271. Marriner-Tomey, A.  (1993)  Transformational Leadership in Nursing. London: Mosby. Murray, C., Main, A.  (2005) Role modelling as a teaching method for student mentors.  Nursing Times; 101: 26, 30-33. Porter-O’Grady, T.  (2003) A different age for leadership, part 1.  Journal of Nursing Administration; 33: 10, 105-110. Saarikoski, M., Leino-Kilpi, H.  (2002) The clinical learning environment and supervision by staff nurses: developing the instrument.  International Journal of Nursing Studies; 39: 259-267. Sorensen, R. et al  (2008) Beyond profession: nursing leadership in contemporary healthcare.  Journal of Nursing Management; 16: 535-544. Thyer, G.  (2003) Dare to be different: transformational leadership may hold the key to reducing the nursing shortage.  Journal of Nursing Management; 11: 73-79. West-Burnham, J.  (1997) Leadership for learning-reengineering ‘mind sets’.  School Leading Ability and Management; 17: 2, 231-244.

Production Notes Project - For a Theatre Class Essay - 1

Production Notes Project - For a Theatre Class - Essay Example eyes; Shakespeare being one of the greatest playwrights in history, it would be tough to play with the theme of the play however, I would like to set the entire backdrop during the colonial period and portray the kind of capitalism and conquest that the rich bourgeoisie did during the time. The play is about a feud going on between two families, the Capulets and the Montagues. The reason for the brawl between the families is only because of a matter of differences that the two sides are subject to, however the reasons for that are not provided. Shakespeare wrote that whoever breaches the peace between the two families would be subject to death. Thus, through my eyes, I would like to depict the feud between the families as a result of wealth and conquests accumulated during the colonial period in British England. I would thus like to begin the play with a short prologue depicting how the Montagues and the Capulets had both established themselves as the wealthy families in Britain and England but had a shortcoming which can be depicted through the capitalist market economies and societies of the time. The families fought with each other in order to establish their supremacy over the other and boom with respect to their personal production. The ball that the Capulets hold is to celebrate their good harvests for the year and growth and development in the agricultural sector. It is a moment of celebration and victory over any other primary sector competitor that they have in the market, including the Montagues. The peace treaty decided between the two was on the basis of how they would not intrude upon each other’s lands or indulge in any form of unhealthy competition. Thus through this entire backdrop, one can easily see the plight of the wealthy farming sector in old England at the time, and how they were fighting to survive among each other even though these two main families held supremacy over the market. The Capulets want to marry their daughter off to

Family Involvement Model in Early Childhood Education Essay

Family Involvement Model in Early Childhood Education - Essay Example The primary teachers of children are the parents or guardians, and the primary school is the home. Education starts at home. The home is the foundation of learning. Even when the children are going to school, the family continues to support learning at home. Learning does not begin and end at school. It is just where formal learning takes place and is just one of the venues for educating children. The family is a part of the community. Support of the community in the Learning Programs of children makes education more effective. An active community working hand in hand with families creates an enriching learning environment and a continuing learning venue from school for the children. Let us first define the period of early childhood. It begins from birth or infancy to age five. This is the period when major transformations take place: physical, social, intellectual, emotional and mental. It is the time when basic skills are learned which forms part of the learning foundation for use in later years. Basic skills include learning how to count, distinguishing letters, maintaining attention and remembering experiences. This is the phase when children develop their self-concept, which is influenced in great part by what they see and experience at home. They also develop their self-esteem and start to make friends at this period. ... The very basic theory deals with the basic needs of children and how these are met. Where does learning come into the hierarchy of needs and what are the prerequisite needs to make the process of education more effective are questions addressed by this theory. These theories espouse the importance of social interaction in the development of children. The theories stress the effects of experiences from these social interactions as major factors in the habits, attitudes, views and the eventual learning success or failure of children. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is the most basic theory in a child's development. This is important so we may understand the priorities of children and the possible distractions they may have to learning. In psychology, it is a motivational theory where needs of people are placed in a hierarchy starting with the most basic needs at the base (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs). Abraham Maslow introduced the idea that the actions of people are determined by specific goals that they want to attain. A behavior is directed toward the satisfaction of a need. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is often represented by a pyramid with five levels. The first four levels are concerned with physiological needs and the topmost remaining level is concerned with growth needs. The premise is that the needs at the bottom or at the base have to be satisfied first before meeting the topmost need. Physiological needs like food, water, air, sleep and sex are at the bottom followed by Safety needs like health, property, e mployment and environmental security. The third level is Belongingness which includes family, friendship and love. Esteem including respect, self-esteem, accomplishments and confidence comprise the fourth level.

Philippines Literature Essay Example for Free

Philippines Literature Essay The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the countrys history. Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. LITERATURE: the body of oral and written works, text, books, poetry, etc. these are the several things that concern this subject. we have been exposed to literature ever since we were young. reading, writing, thats what we do. but is this really the essence of literature?  the time i realized that i was going to take up Philippine Literature this semester, i was rather a bit curios about what would be in store for me, for the whole class.  our Literature instructor Ms. Dinah Laguna-Mission is very enthusiastic in teaching us. never came a time that i felt sleepy or bored during our lit. subject. she has a lively voice and pronunciation, lively gestures and the witty use of words were the things i looked forward to every time she came.  at first, i expect that the subject content and the teaching method was just a repetition of what has been taught to us during high school. but i was wrong, the different genre of literature, different devices and ever famous figures of speech were the ones being taught to us. After all the experiences and new knowledge imparted to me, i realized that Literature is not only about just reading the stories, poems, riddles, etc. but either its understanding them deeply. i thank Ms. Mission for imparting this knowledge imparted to me and the whole class for making this journey bearable and truly enjoyable one. it was beyond doubt an accomplishment for us and so, even if i finish the subject Philippines Literature, the things i  learned, the memories and experience will truly mo no matter what. ^_^

Comparison of Into My Heart and I remember I remember Essay -- A.E. H

Comparison of Into My Heart and I remember I remember Both poems are about the past and are similar in many ways, but "I remember, I remember" seems much more upbeat about the past than "into my heart" A.E. Housman's poem describes the " lost content" of a speaker who is made unhappy when he realises the happy times he had when he was young are gone forever. In Thomas Hood's poem the speaker is also made unhappy when he is made aware that he can never re-visit those happy times he experienced as a child. They both explain the same idea in a different way; "Into my heart" makes its point in an obviously sombre way, but " I remember I remember " creates two moods: a happy and bucolic mood with images of his beautiful childhood, and an unhappy mood with his realisation t... Comparison of Into My Heart and I remember I remember Essay -- A.E. H Comparison of Into My Heart and I remember I remember Both poems are about the past and are similar in many ways, but "I remember, I remember" seems much more upbeat about the past than "into my heart" A.E. Housman's poem describes the " lost content" of a speaker who is made unhappy when he realises the happy times he had when he was young are gone forever. In Thomas Hood's poem the speaker is also made unhappy when he is made aware that he can never re-visit those happy times he experienced as a child. They both explain the same idea in a different way; "Into my heart" makes its point in an obviously sombre way, but " I remember I remember " creates two moods: a happy and bucolic mood with images of his beautiful childhood, and an unhappy mood with his realisation t...

Cool Quest Video and Reflection Essay

Psychology could influence consumer behavior in many ways. Based on the video, I learned that the brain responds accordingly to what one perceives as â€Å"cool†. With that being said, I’m pretty sure that there are studies that gear towards tis feature of the mind. And companies like Apple use these studies when inventing their newest products. For example, technology has evolved immensely in recent years. When Apple began inventing their latest IPhone, I’m pretty sure that they thought about what would appeal to their consumers. And I’m positive that psychology had a huge impact on their decisions. In my opinion, there a lot of other areas of society that could be impacted by psychology. Such areas influenced are career choices, fashion, and social habits like drinking and smoking to name a few. All of these societal aspects described can be influenced by different areas of the mind. And we all know that in general today’s societies seek to be accepted by all. I know for me the nature versus nurture theory is a huge influence on different aspects of my life. I was raised by a single parent in a poverty stricken neighborhood. My mother didn’t graduate high school. So education is big for me, which would lead to a better career choice. What is fashionably acceptable or not can be related to the video because everyone has a different perception of what is cool or not.

The Pain In Osteoarthritis Health And Social Care Essay

Osteoarthritis is a disease of the articulations, impacting 86 % of people over 65 ( Felson, Schaible 2009 ) . Patients with the status frequently complain of hurting within the joint, this hurting frequently worsens when weight bearing. Although, in advanced signifiers of the status there can be pain on remainder excessively. Other ailments include progressive stiffness of the articulations and musculus failing ( Chu, Thornhill 2001 ) . Osteoarthritis is caused by loss of the articular gristle in articulations associated with hypertrophy of the bone and thickener of the capsule ( Enohumah, Imarengiaye 2008 ) . A articulation is where two castanetss, covered in articular gristle meet ; the articulation is lubricated with synovial fluid. Figure 1 shows the anatomy of a healthy articulation. Cartilage plays an of import function in leting smooth clash free motion of the joint. If the gristle becomes damaged motion is restricted and pain develops. Bone has an first-class capacity to men d itself nevertheless in degenerative arthritis the castanetss ability to mend itself consequences in chronic hurting. This is because as tissues try to mend, re-growth occurs abnormally doing some countries of bone to go dilutant and others thicker. This means that the two castanetss no-longer fit together every bit good, doing motion to go progressively hard and painful. If there was greater apprehension of the mechanisms behind the development of hurting, and why some patients with similar X raies appear to hold different sums of hurting more effectual interventions could be developed. This could pro-long the clip before the patient requires. This essay will look at how hurting is transmitted through the organic structure, the anatomy of articulations and how debasement of the joint can take to trouble in degenerative arthritis to let for the development of effectual interventions. This image shows the anatomy of a articulatio genus articulation and the accessary constituents of the joint that enable the joint to execute its map of clash free comfy motion. It is these constituents that can deteriorate in degenerative arthritis and cause hurting to develop. Although the image is of a articulatio genus articulation all articulations have a similar construction. ( Image taken from Enohumah and Imarengiaye. 2010 ) Figure 1: Diagram to Show the Anatomy of a Knee Joint. Pain is termed as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue harm ( Merskey, Bogduk 1994 ) and a defense mechanism mechanism associating to weave harm ( Dray, Read 2007 ) . Pain can be described as transient ; this is the direct stimulation of nociceptive centripetal neurones and the ague hurting this causes. Pain of articulations can be chronic ; uninterrupted hurting which makes mundane undertakings progressively hard to set about. Chronic hurting is of small importance as does non mean tissue harm and may go on after the tissue has repaired ( Dray, Read 2007 ) . The hurting can besides be episodic ; this is when hurting intensifies when set abouting undertakings that require increased joint motion or strength, such as mounting stepss or bending over. This hurting can do psychological hurt to the patient and diminish their quality of life as the hurting forces them to go sedentary and stray. Figure 2: The Pain Pathway in Humans This tract illustrates how hurting is transmitted from the stimulation ( in degenerative arthritis this is a joint ) to the encephalon it besides lists some of the chemicals that can be released from damaged cells that affect hurting transmittal and esthesis ( Image taken from Srivastava, 2010 ) . Pain is transmitted form articulations to the encephalon via neurones with bare nervus terminations, see Figure 2. These constructions are known as nociceptors and the functional nociceptive unit is made up of capillaries, nociceptor and mast cell. Joints are innervated by both centripetal and sympathetic nervousnesss. Nociceptors are normally less than 5AÂ µm in diameter and either Type III myelinated with unmyelinated terminations or Type IV unmyelinated. They have a high threshold of activation which means that a larger depolarizing stimulus than normal is required to do activation. The high threshold enables neurones to go selective for noxious mechanical stimulation ( Enohumah, Imarengiaye 2008 ) . The stimulation can be interpreted as dynamic ( motion ) or inactive ( place feeling ) ( McDougall 2006 ) . Pain transmittal is as follows ; the nociceptors are stimulated and primary sensory nerve fibers which fire action potencies doing the release of substance P ( a peptide which increases hurting by leting the spinal nociceptors to be easy stimulated ) ( Enohumah, Imarengiaye 2008 ) . This activates cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where they synapse with spinal neurones and transmit nervus urge to the mesencephalon and cerebral mantle. Chemical go-betweens such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes can be released from the site of tissue harm ensuing in peripheral nociceptor sensitisation ; this is the progressive elaboration of a response followed by perennial disposals of a stimulation. Pain felt in degenerative arthritis can be accounted for by the presence of ‘silent nociceptors ‘ which in a healthy person are non activated by a stimulation. These receptors can go activated following tissue harm or redness ( Felson, Schaible 2009 ) . This means that for person who is already sing an increased sum of hurting the activation of these receptors enhances the grade of hurting felt. Pain can besides be accounted for by peripheral sensitisation caused by a lessening in the activation threshold of nociceptors and afferent neurones, doing them to go hyper-responsive to both normal and noxious types of motion. If nociceptors are more sensitive to motion this besides contributes to both allodynia and hyperalgesia as motion becomes more painful. Two squads of research scientists Coggeshall ( 1983 ) and his colleagues and Schaible and Schmidt ( 1986 ) illustrated that the injection of china clay and carrageenin could do synovitis ; the redness of the synovial membrane, by take downing the activation threshold of type III and type IV nociceptors in articulatio genus articulations. By take downing the activation threshold they made it easier to excite the nociceptors, increasing the figure of action potencies produced per unit clip for noxious and innocuous stimulations, doing hurting. Decreasing the activation threshold and the activation of soundless receptors together increases the hurting felt by degenerative arthritis patients ( McDougall 2006 ) . This suggests that if it was possible to increase the threshold of nociceptors, hurting signalling would be decreased ; this is an thought for possible interventions in the hereafter. A farther proposal for the hurting felt in degenerative arthritis is an addition in intra-articular force per unit area ; the human articulatio genus contains synovial fluid within the joint. After hurt or on redness ( see Figure 3 ) the plasma membrane of blood vass becomes progressively leaky and allows plasma proteins to go forth the vasculature and come in the intra-articular infinite. This causes a alteration in the starling forces which allows fluid to flux into the joint causation localised hydrops, ‘excessive accretion of fluid in the organic structure tissues ‘ ( Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary 2007 ) . This Results in the puffiness of the joint increasing the intra-articular force per unit area, doing hurting within the joint, due to an addition in unstable energizing nociceptors. Figure 3: Illustration of How a Number of Chemicals and Neuropeptides Work Together to Cause Pain, Inflammation and Joint Degradation. The figure above shows how, Iinterleukin-1 ( IL-1 ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , and tumour mortification factor ( TNF ) are illustrations of proinflammatory cytokines and direct the matrix metalloproteinase ( MMPs ) to degrade connective tissue. MMPs degrade the connective tissue that make up joint tissues. The loss of joint infinite that develops in degenerative arthritis is due to the activity of the MMPs. Growth factors ( VEGF ) can besides hold a infective function in Osteoarthritis. VEGF promotes the development of blood vass to let tissue growing. Research suggests that VEGF is involved in degenerative arthritis. Blood vas growing is accompanied by an increased nervus supply taking to increased hurting. The chondrocyte produces inordinate free groups that assist in the devastation of the environing joint tissue. Free groups are non pictured above ( Sharif et al. 2000 ) , ( Image taken from: Bonnet, Walsh redness. 2005 ) . To forestall tissue harm to articulations the organic structure has a protective mechanism to halt over extension or flexure of articulations, the joint senses the possible harm and releases hurting signals which prevent farther motion of the joint. In degenerative arthritis this protective mechanism is hyperactive and hurting is felt when the articulation is moved within the normal scope. Recent grounds suggests that osteoarthritic hurting is therefore ; joint motion creates emphasis on the axolemma of the ‘free ‘ nervus terminations, ensuing in the gap of mechanogated ion channels, the inflow of Na ions causes depolarization within the neurone and consequences in an action potency ( See Figure 2 ) . Mechanoreceptors are located in the Type III and IV sensory nerve nervus fibers, these channels have been discovered in articulatio genus articulation sensory nerves by electrophysiology measurings and supply an penetration into the physiological mechanisms which are respons ible for mechanotransduction in articulations ( McDougall 2006 ) . These receptors cause increased ionic conductance and cellular depolarisation, doing an action potency and the hurting esthesis ( Heppelmann, McDougall 2005 ) . To understand hurting in degenerative arthritis it is of import to set up where the hurting originates ( See Figure 4 ) . Cartilage is aneural and avascular so pain must arise from other constructions of the joint ( Felson 2001 ) . Possibly the subchondral bone, which is extremely innervated with postganglionic neurones, or the periosteum, synovial membrane, ligaments or the nervus capsule, All of which have nociceptors, maintain vascular tone, permeableness and bone homeostasis ( Dray, Read 2007 ) , any harm to these countries could do hurting. When articular gristle re-modelling occurs there is compaction of soft tissue and microfilaments in the subchondral bone. There is besides gush and cramp of musculuss environing the joint which could explicate the beginning of hurting in degenerative arthritis ( Enohumah, Imarengiaye 2008 ) . Figure 4: Diagram to Show Causes of Pain and Pain Transmission in Osteoarthritis. T This figure shows how a figure of factors influence hurting in degenerative arthritis some of these are mechanical factors ( MF ) others involve enzymes and biochemical tracts. The diagram besides shows how some factors could be used to increased gristle grows, a possible intervention for degenerative arthritis. ( Image taken from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fortehealthcare.com/Cartrophen/technical % 20brochure.html ) As mentioned the articulation is made up of a figure of constructions of articulations ( See Figure 1 ) each of which can deteriorate and do hurting during degenerative arthritis ( See Figure 5 ) . First, the subchondrial bone this is a bed of bone below the gristle. During degenerative arthritis blood flow is increased to this country leting subchondrial cysts to develop. This build up of fluid in the bone causes a force per unit area addition, the addition in force per unit area pushes against the bone and activates noticepters which transmit hurting signals. Changes to the capsule and synovial membrane can besides do hurting ; redness occurs which consequences in an increased volume of fluid, increasing the sum of force per unit area on the joint which causes hurting. The sinews and Bursa can go inflamed and cause, tendonitis and bursitis which causes hurting and decreases the scope of motion of the joint. Muscle blowing and failing besides occur which restrict motion, the deficie ncy of willingness to exert can do musculus and ligament wasting which can do hurting ( Enohumah, Imarengiaye 2008 ) . As unexercised musculuss become weak and less able to set about strenuous undertakings this can go on to anyone but is more likely in a patient with degenerative arthritis and although this does non straight do hurting, musculus failing does increase hurting. This diagram illustrates that the joint border lessenings and the synovial fluid volume lessening in patients with degenerative arthritis. The Cartilage besides thins. The decrease in joint infinite, synovial fluid volume and cut gristle causes castanetss to rub against each other on motion doing hurting. ( Image adapted from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mobilitychoices.co.uk/glossarypage.php? uid=46 & A ; start=A ) Figure 5: Comparison of the Anatomical Features of a Joint with Osteoarthritis and a Joint of a Healthy Individual. The softening and cutting of gristle can be seen when imaging a joint with degenerative arthritis as there are cavities, it appears unsmooth, and has lesions in the gristle. This causes the gristle to go prone to splitting. This is a secondary cause of hurting in degenerative arthritis as it can take to interrupt castanetss, soft tissue harm and breaks which in bend all cause hurting signals to be transmitted to the encephalon. The organic structure attempts to mend this harm by originating bone re-growth the growing occurs unevenly and causes hurting. A lessening in the joint border and the decrease in volume of synovial fluid cause bone to rub against bone in an Osteoarthritis patient. In a healthy person this does non happen due to the presence of synovial fluid, leting clash free motion ( See Figure 5 ) . The stiffness of the new gristle makes the joint less able to absorb daze, doing motion painful. Osteoarthritis patients frequently complain of hurting non merely when traveling but besides when resting this can be explained by looking at the redness of articulations frequently associated with degenerative arthritis. When a articulation is inflamed a lessening in the hurting threshold consequences, this means that hurting signals that would usually travel unnoticed are transmitted via nociceptors to the encephalon. This is known as allodynia where hurting is felt for a usually innocuous stimulation ( McDougall 2006 ) such as sitting down or walking and hyperalgesia where increased hurting is experienced during an activity. An account for the disagreements between joint harm seen on X raies and joint hurting could be explained by looking at the two hurting transmittal tracts, the sidelong and medinal systems ( for hurting transmittal See Figure 2 ) . The thalamus and cerebral mantle are the countries of the encephalon that are involved in having and covering with hurting signals. The sidelong system, involves the stimulation of thalamic karyon in the ventral sidelong thalamus. The information is transmitted to the somatosensory cerebral mantle for analysis of location, continuance, strength and vicinity. The median system uses the midplane and intralaminar thalamic karyon to convey urges to different parts of the encephalon including the amygala to do affectional responses, attending and acquisition. The country of the encephalon urges are directed to change the hurting felt. If one system is stronger or more prevailing in some patients than others this could impact the sum and type of hurting felt and the class of intervention ( Hunter 2009 ) . Pain experiences are alone and effected by life experiences and genetic sciences. For illustration, a individual ‘s assurance in their ability to set about a undertaking or motion will specify their success in the undertaking. A patient ‘s inclination to catastrophize, or to do the best of a state of affairs will alter the hurting experience. The more hurting anticipated the more hurting felt ( Hunter 2009 ) . Social factors such as if a patient has a supportive environment, if they are stressed, low in liquors or traveling through an emotionally hard experience affect the sum of hurting felt ( Felson, Schaible 2009 ) . Factors that influence hurting but may non hold a scientific or physiological ground are besides of import indexs for the cause of hurting. Physical activity can increase or diminish pain esthesis. An addition in hurting can be felt when exerting particularly flexing and weight lifting, others feel soft exercising decreases hurting. The footwear a patient wears high heels increase hurting as there is increased emphasis on the articulatio genus articulation, whereas supportive flat places tend to do less hurting ( Hunter 2009 ) . If the patient has a past hurt or an hurt occurs and eventually environmental factors some patient ‘s complain of increased hurting during cold and wet conditions with high force per unit areas than on all right just yearss. No scientific grounds has shown these factors to act upon hurting but many patients do see alterations in hurting that can non be explained by imaging or disease provinces ( Enohumah, Imarengiaye 2008 ) . Pain in degenerative arthritis is n't merely cognitive but there is affectional hurting excessively, this means that many degenerative arthritis patients suffer from depression and anxiousness ( McDougall 2006 ) . This could be due to the deficiency of mobility doing many patients to experience stray. It is hence imperative that the hurting tracts in degenerative arthritis are understood to let the development of effectual interventions to better the quality of life of a patient. Osteoarthritis is characterised by hurting in the articulations on activity which is relieved on remainder, this is episodic hurting. Advanced degenerative arthritis is when hurting can besides be felt at remainder and at dark and is known as chronic hurting. The hurting normally occurs as decreased map of the joint, stiffness or gelling of the joint which is short lived and relieved after inaction. Pain is variable and great differences can be seen in the sensed hurting in patients with similar scans. Pain is transmitted from the site of hurt to the encephalon down specialised neurones know as nociceptors. Nociceptors have a high threshold and hence merely transmit noxious stimulations. Although cartilage re-growth can trip hurting, gristle is avascular and aneurla and therefore research is concentrated on looking at the other construction of the joint that could do hurting. A possible mark for drug action is on the neuropeptides which can heighten the hurting felt by a patient when traveling the joint. Another cause of hurting is ; redness doing a lessening in the hurting threshold and the activation of soundless receptors. A ground for the disagreements between imaging of the joint and the hurting felt could be explained by looking at the two chief tracts of hurting transmittal the sidelong and medinal tracts. These tracts transmit signals to different countries of the encephalon and hence do a different experience of hurting, if these tracts were better understood they could be countries for drug intervention. Pain and redness are linked and hence interventions that relieve the symptoms of the disease may besides better the earnestness of the status. Finally, hurting can besides hold a cognitive cause this is where the patient uses past experiences and the environment to judge the hurting felt. If a patient was more comfy, less stressed, happier and in more agreeable conditions they may see a decrease in hurting despite no alteration in the disease province . This nevertheless is a complex physiological state of affairs and requires more research before it can be used in clinical scenes to cut down hurting. Another possible intervention could be to increase the hurting threshold this would do it harder to originate an action potency and the patient would be able to travel the joint more before hurting was felt. Before advanced and effectual interventions for degenerative arthritis are to be developed it is indispensable that more research on hurting transmittal and causes is undertaken.Word Count: 2,587

Quotes From the Louisa Ma Alcott Novel Little Women

Quotes From the Louisa Ma Alcott Novel Little Women Little Women is a classic novel by Louisa May Alcott. Based on her own experiences growing up with three sisters, the novel is Alcotts best-known works  and presents many of her personal viewpoints. This novel is something of a conundrum for feminist scholars because while it portrays a strong female heroine (Jo March, an analog for Alcott herself), the ideals of hard work and sacrifice and the ultimate goal of marriage seem to stymie true individual rebellion from any of the March sisters.   Here are  a few of the quotes that show the contradictions in the themes of independence and feminism in Little Women.   March Familys Money Problems Christmas wont be Christmas without any presents. Jo March. Right out of the gate, Alcott shows the March family’s precarious financial situation  and gives a glimpse into each of the sisters’ personalities. The only one who doesn’t complain about the lack of Christmas gifts is Beth (spoiler alert: much later in the novel, Beth dies, giving readers a mixed message about the virtues of sacrifice).   None of Alcotts characters ever raise the question of why Mr. March keeps returning to his post as a war chaplain even though his wife and daughters are close to destitute. Virtue and Pride in Little Women Alcott had strong, unyielding views on proper behavior. Im not Meg tonight, Im a doll who does all sorts of crazy things. Tomorrow I shall put away my fuss and feathers and be desperately good again. Megs wealthy friends dress her up to attend a ball, she flirts and drinks champagne. When Laurie sees her he expresses his disapproval. She tells him to lighten up, but later feels ashamed and confesses to her mother that she behaved badly A poor girl getting to enjoy a party hardly seems like the worst possible behavior, but the moral code of Alcotts novel is strict. Marriage in Little Women The reality for women in the 19th century who were not wealthy was either marry a wealthy man or work as a governess or teacher to support their parents. Despite her somewhat radical feminist views, Alcotts characters do little to deviate from this norm in the end.   Money is a needful and precious thing,and, when well used, a noble thing,but I never want you to think it is the first or only prize to strive for. Id rather see you poor mens wives, if you were happy, beloved, contented than queens on thrones, without self-respect and peace. -Marmee. The March sisters mother seems to be telling her daughters not to marry for the sake of money or status  but doesn’t suggest that there’s any alternative to marriage.  If this is a feminist message, it’s a seriously dated and confused one.   You have grown abominably lazy, and you like gossip, and waste time on frivolous things, you are contented to be petted and admired by silly people, instead of being loved and respected by wise ones. Amy lets Laurie have it, and this moment of brutal honesty is the beginning of their romantic relationship. Of course, Laurie is still pining over Jo at this point, but Amy’s words seem to straighten him out. This is sort of a pivotal quote from â€Å"Little Women,† because it reflects Alcott’s personal views about vanity, gossip and the like.   Trying to Tame Jo March Much of Little Women is spent describing how Jos stubborn, headstrong behavior needs to be subdued.   Ill try and be what he loves to call me, a little woman, and not be rough and wild; but do my duty here instead of wanting to be somewhere else. - Jo March. Poor Jo has to suppress her natural personality (or try to) in order to please her parents. It’s easy to infer that Alcott may have been projecting a little bit here; her father, Branson Alcott, was a transcendentalist and preached strict Protestant values to his four daughters.   An old maid, thats what Im to be. A literary spinster, with a pen for a spouse, a family of stories for children, and twenty years hence a morsel of fame, perhaps... Jo says it, but this is yet another example of Alcott’s voice coming through her main protagonist. Some literary scholars have interpreted this and some of Jo’s other â€Å"tomboyish† points of view to indicate a homosexual subtext, which would have been taboo for a novel of this era. But in another instance Jo laments Meg’s impending marriage, saying: â€Å"I just wish I could marry Meg myself and keep her safe in the family.† Whether intended or not, to a modern reader, Jo’s personality and resistance to being paired with a man (at least in the early chapters) do indicate the possibility that she was uncertain about her sexuality.

Outcrops versus Exposures, an Essay

Outcrops versus Exposures, an Essay The terms geologists use to describe bedrock thats available for the hammer are two: exposures and outcrops. Exposure covers all cases, whereas outcrop is used for an exposure that is natural. The faces sculpted on Mount Rushmore are exposures, but Mount Rushmore itself is an outcrop. The subtler shades of meaning of these two words reflect their deepest roots. Rock Outcrops The first people to call themselves geologists, about 200 years ago, visited mines and talked to lots of miners. In England, the miners used the words cropping or cropping out to describe rocks showing themselves above the ground or mineral seams unearthed in a mine. These are ancient words: the verb crop goes back to Old English and beyond; it means to grow or swell. Today we still use the archaic form of the verb in to crop up, meaning to emerge and to crop out, in speaking of rocks. To the miners, an active process of growth and emergence, even a vital force, was implicit in their word outcrop. The early geologists, who wrote for polite audiences, made a point of noting that cropping out and outcrops were miners slang, not educated English. Miners have always been superstitious people with magical beliefs, and the notion of rocks growing was a clear sign that they saw the underground as an active, living place. Geologists were bent on avoiding all taint of the supernatural, even in their figurative language. But the terminology stuck, and as geology became popular in the mid-1800s outcrop soon entered the everyday language as a noun and, inevitably, a verb derived from it (along with outcropping, a noun derived from that derived verb). Careful users of geological terminology retain crop out as the verb and outcrop as the noun deriving from it: we say, Rocks crop out in outcrops. But even the professional literature has many instances of outcrop used as a verb, and outcropping has a place today when the point is to be decidedly casual. Rock Exposures Exposure is a noun based on the verb expose, to reveal or uncover, which has its origin in Latin and came to us through French. Its root meaning in Latin is to bring forth. We still feel this sense when we speak of a rock exposure in a roadcut or quarry face or building foundation, where the bedrock is actively brought forth by human activity. We have a strong sense as geologists that bedrock forms deep underground. Thus wherever bedrock appears at the Earths surface, something must have removed an overburden to reveal it. The rock just lay there the whole time. Whether it was erosion or bulldozers that did the removing, a passive process of unroofing or exhumation is implicit in the word exposure. Niceties and Ironies Whether a body of rock looks like it grew out of the ground (outcrop) or was uncovered (exposure) would seem to make no difference and many geologists make no distinction but we think the two terms have subtle connotations. Outcrops are natural, but exposures need not be. An outcrop should have a rounded, organic look while an exposure should be more chiseled. An outcrop should protrude whereas an exposure may be flat or concave. An outcrop offers itself; exposure grudges being opened to inspection. Exposures reveal petrology; outcrops show personality. But the miners in their centuries of observation and lore intuited something true: ore veins and granite dikes are clearly invaders of the older rocks they occupy. These things did rise and swell upward from below; their shape implies their process they do grow. Cropping was just the right word. Geologists recognized this too, but unlike the miners, they came to understand that the activity happened and ended an unimaginably long time ago. The miners beliefs in subterranean actions and agents their imps and pixies and tricksters arise naturally from human psychology in the underground setting. We also have a large class of rocks and lavas that do in fact grow on the Earths surface. Lava emerges from the Earth and lies there naked, shaped by its own energies. Are lavas outcrops or exposures? The geologist calls them neither, preferring the more specific words flow, bed, pillow. If pressed, the geologist might well choose exposure as the more neutral term. Lava formations dont have the look of something coming out from under the soil; instead, the soil gradually grows upon them. So perhaps there is a case to make that outcrops refer only to formerly buried bedrock (which would imply that lava is not bedrock). As erosion exposes and gently sculpts the rocks, their details emerge on their skin: variations in hardness and texture, fractures and joints, weathering pits and resistant strata. The outcrops take on character. The irony is that the body of rock that looks most organic and alive is, in fact, the most passive.

Cultural Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Perspectives - Essay Example Non-white populations are subject to worse charges, fewer early releases, higher conviction rates, and harsher sentences throughout the system. Constitutional amendments have forbidden such institutionalization of discrimination between whites and non-whites, but disparities still exist in many social areas. About 20% of people in prison or jail or on probation for violent crimes have a mental illness, but only about 13% of the total correctional workforce is appropriately trained counselors, psychologists, medical staff, chaplains, or social workers. Thus, there is a lack of appropriate such services in corrections, a deficiency which will continue so long as there are unreliable means of evaluating clinical effectiveness. Furthermore, the lack of such services in the community at large places people at greater risk for behaviors that beg the scrutiny of the judicial system. Based on the importance of cultural awareness, the study recommends certain public policy changes to address these problems. Not only do The Eight and Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution the legally guarantee certain provisions for people in custody or engaged in due process but also there is an ethical imperative to provide necessary medical care for incarcerated people.

Richard Rodriguez The Achievement of Desire Essay

Richard Rodriguez The Achievement of Desire - Essay Example Because after possessing a slight accomplishment, a person does not desire anything which will create him or her less accurate. Consequently in finishing up feeling so intricate that all of a sudden you are aware of that perhaps your culture or even your family members are not great at all in line with you also you notice them as others does. Nevertheless this is not an authentic education. Although education is very vital to each and every one of us, the manners in which people edify themselves comprises massive effects towards their cultural existence. The moment you instruct yourself mentally, cultural beliefs as well as your environment do not appear that significant to you as you regard yourself within the upper classes. These children who originated from other nations discover new things and then after some time living here, they familiarize themselves with some other culture. They might even consider ashamed speaking of their personal language also they strive to dispose of their intonation. Occasionally they would even feel being humiliated and uncomfortable of their parents or relatives because of their deficiencies in education. I suppose that although you have administered to accomplish so much academic achievement, you